I-silicon kunye ne-oxygen zezona zinto zimbini zisasazeke kakhulu kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Ngaphandle kokwenza i-SiO2, zikwadibana ukuze zenze iiminerali ze-silicate ezininzi ezifumaneka kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Kukho iiminerali ze-silicate ezingaphezu kwama-800 ezaziwayo, ezimalunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iintlobo zeeminerali ezaziwayo. Xa zizonke, zenza malunga ne-85% yoqweqwe loMhlaba kunye ne-lithosphere ngobunzima. Ezi minerali azizizo kuphela izinto eziphambili zamatye angcolileyo, amdaka, kunye namatye e-metamorphic kodwa zikwasebenza njengemithombo yee-ore ezininzi zesinyithi ezingezizo zesinyithi nezinqabileyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-kaolinite, i-illite, i-bentonite, i-talc, i-mica, i-asbestos, i-wollastonite, i-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-kyanite, i-garnet, i-zircon, i-diatomite, i-serpentine, i-peridotite, i-andalusite, i-biotite, kunye ne-muscovite.
1. IFeldspar
◆Iipropati Zomzimba: I-Feldspar yiminerali esasazeke kakhulu eMhlabeni. I-feldspar etyebileyo kwi-potassium ibizwa ngokuba yi-potassium feldspar. I-Orthoclase, i-microcline, kunye ne-albite yimizekelo yeeminerali ze-potassium feldspar. I-Feldspar ibonisa uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali kwaye iyamelana nee-asidi, kunzima ukuyibola ngokubanzi. Ubunzima buqala kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-6.5, ubuninzi buqala kwi-2.55 ukuya kwi-2.75, kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ukusuka kwi-1185 ukuya kwi-1490°C. Idla ngokufumaneka kwi-quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, kunye ne-magnetite encinci, i-ilmenite, kunye ne-tantalite.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa ekunyibilikiseni iglasi, kwizinto eziluhlaza zeseramikhi, kwiiglaze zeseramikhi, kwizinto eziluhlaza zeenamel, kwisichumiso sepotassium, nanjengamatye okuhombisa kunye neetshetshe ezixabiso liphantsi.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukuchola ngesandla, ukwahlula ngemagnethi, ukutyibilika.
◆Imvelaphi kunye nokuvela: Ifumaneka kumatye e-gneisses okanye e-gneissic metamorphic; eminye imithambo ivela kwimizimba yamatye e-granite okanye e-mafic okanye kwiindawo zawo zokunxibelelana. Igxile kakhulu kwi-pegmatitic feldspar massifs okanye kwi-differentiated single feldspar pegmatites.
2. I-Kaolinite
◆Iimpawu Zomzimba: I-kaolinite ecocekileyo imhlophe kodwa idla ngokuba nombala obomvu okhanyayo, otyheli, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza, okanye ongwevu ngenxa yokungcola. Inobunzima obuyi-2.61 ukuya kwi-2.68 kunye nobunzima obuqala kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3. I-Kaolinite isetyenziswa kwimveliso yeeseramikhi ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla nezemizi-mveliso, izinto ezingafunekiyo, ukwenza iphepha, ukwakha, ukugquma, irabha, iiplastiki, amalaphu, kunye nokuzalisa okanye i-pigment emhlophe.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kwimveliso yeeseramikhi ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla nezemizi-mveliso, izinto ezingafunekiyo, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakha, ukugquma, irabha, iiplastiki, amalaphu, kunye nokuzalisa okanye umbala omhlophe.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi okomileyo nokumanzi, ukwahlulwa kwegravithi, i-calcination, ukutyhefa ngeekhemikhali.
◆Imvelaphi kunye neMvelaphi: Ngokuyintloko yenziwe ngamatye atyebileyo e-silica-alumina kunye ne-metamorphic, atshintshwa yimozulu okanye ukutshintshwa kwe-hydrothermal ephantsi kobushushu.
3. UMika
◆Iimpawu Zomzimba: I-Mica idla ngokuba mhlophe, inemibala etyheli ekhanyayo, eluhlaza okotshani, okanye ngwevu okhanyayo. Inekhazimla elinjengeglasi, efana neeperile kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo, kunye namaphepha amancinci athambileyo kodwa angenaburhabaxa. Ubunzima buqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 kwaye ubuninzi buqala kwi-2.65 ukuya kwi-2.90. I-Mica ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwizinto ezingafunekiyo, iiseramikhi, i-porcelain yombane, izinto eziqhotsiweyo, i-fiberglass, irabha, ukwenza iphepha, imibala, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, iiplastiki, kunye nezinto ezincedisayo zokuzoba ubugcisa obuhle.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kwizinto ezirhabaxa, iiseramikhi, iporcelain yombane, izinto eziqhotsiweyo, ifiberglass, irabha, ukwenza iphepha, imibala, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, iiplastiki, kwaye njengezinto ezincedisayo zokuzoba ubugcisa obuhle.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukuchola ngesandla, ukwahlula ngombane, ukwahlula ngemagnethi.
◆Imvelaphi kunye neZinto ezenzekayo: Iveliswa kakhulu kukuguqulwa kwamanzi amatye entaba-mlilo kunye nee-tuffs eziphakathi kwe-acidic, zikwafumaneka kwi-crystalline schists etyebileyo kwi-aluminium kunye neminye imivimbo ye-quartz ye-hydrothermal ephantsi kobushushu.
4. Intetho
◆Iimpawu Zomzimba: I-talc ecocekileyo ayinambala kodwa ihlala ibonakala ityheli, iluhlaza, imdaka, okanye ipinki ngenxa yokungcola. Inokukhanya okufana neglasi kunye nobunzima obuyi-1 kwisikali se-Mohs. I-talc isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesizalisi kwimizi-mveliso yokwenza amaphepha kunye nerabha kwaye njengearhente yokwenza mhlophe kwishishini lempahla. Ikwasetyenziswa nakwi-ceramics, iipeyinti, ii-coating, iiplastiki, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa njengesizalisi kwimizi-mveliso yokwenza amaphepha kunye nerabha, njengearhente yokwenza mhlophe kwimizi-mveliso yelaphu, nakwizinto zodongwe, iipeyinti, iingubo, iiplastiki kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukuchola ngesandla, ukwahlulahlula nge-electrostatic, ukwahlula ngemagnethi, ukuhlunga nge-optical, ukutyibilika, ukukrwela.
◆Imvelaphi kunye neZinto ezenzekayo: Ngokuyintloko zenziwe lutshintsho lwe-hydrothermal kunye ne-metamorphism, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-magnesite, i-serpentine, i-dolomite, kunye ne-talc schist.
5. I-Muscovite
◆Iimpawu Zomzimba: I-Muscovite luhlobo lweminerali ye-mica, edla ngokubonakala imhlophe, ingwevu, imthubi, iluhlaza, okanye imdaka. Ine-luster efana neglasi enokufana neeperile kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo. I-Muscovite isetyenziselwa izinto zokucima umlilo, iintonga zokuwelda, iiplastiki, ukugquma umbane, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, imibala yeeperile, iiplastiki, iipeyinti, kunye nerabha njengezizalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokucima umlilo, iintonga zokuwelda, iiplastiki, ukufakelwa kombane, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, imibala yeeperile, iiplastiki, iipeyinti, kunye nerabha njengezizalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Iindlela Zokukhetha: Ukudada, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuxobuka, ukukhetha ukungqubana, ukugaya okucolekileyo, ukugaya okucolekileyo kakhulu, ukuguqula umphezulu.
◆IGenesis kunye neMvelaphi: Ngokuyintloko yimveliso yesenzo se-magmatic kunye nesenzo se-pegmatitic, esihlala sifumaneka kwi-granite pegmatites kunye ne-mica schists, ezidla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-quartz, i-feldspar, kunye neeminerali ezingaqhelekanga ze-radioactive.
Ukuqhubeka nokuguqulela:
6. ISodalite
I-Sodalite yinkqubo yekristale ye-triclinic, idla ngokuba ziikristale ezisicaba ezinemigca ehambelanayo kumphezulu wekristale. Ine-vitreous luster, kwaye ukuqhekeka kubonisa ukukhanya okufana neglasi ukuya kwi-pearly luster. Imibala isukela kokukhanya ukuya kumnyama okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza, omthubi, ongwevu, omdaka, ongenambala, okanye omhlophe okhanyayo ongwevu. Ubunzima buqala kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-7.0, kunye nobunzima obuthile be-3.53 ukuya kwi-3.65. Iiminerali eziphambili yi-sodalite kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-silica, kunye neeminerali ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-quartz, i-mica emnyama, i-mica yegolide, kunye ne-chlorite.
ISodalite yimveliso ye-metamorphism yengingqi efumaneka kwi-crystalline schists kunye ne-gneisses. Abavelisi abadumileyo kwihlabathi baquka iSwitzerland, i-Austria, kunye namanye amazwe. Xa ishushu ukuya kwi-1300°I-C, i-sodalite iguquka ibe yi-mullite, into enokuchasana ne-spark plugs, ii-oil nozzles, kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-ceramic ezichasana ne-spark ezishushu kakhulu. I-aluminium nayo ingakhutshwa. Iikristale ezibonakalayo zemibala emihle zingasetyenziswa njengeelitye zamatye, kwaye i-blu enzulu yeyona ikhethwayo. INorth Carolina eMelika ivelisa i-sodalite enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neluhlaza.
7.I-Garnet
◆Iimpawu zomzimba
Ngokwesiqhelo imdaka, ityheli, ibomvu, iluhlaza, njl.njl.; ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukuya ekukhanyeni; i-vitreous luster, iqhekeke nge-resinous luster; akukho kuqhekeka; ubunzima 5.6~7.5; uxinano 3.5~4.2.
◆Izicelo
Ubunzima obukhulu beGarnet buyenza ifaneleke kwizinto ezirhabaxa; iikristale ezinkulu ezinombala omhle kunye nokucaca zingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zelitye elinqabileyo.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukwahlulahlula ngesandla, ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi.
◆IGenesis kunye nokwenzeka kwayo
I-Garnet isasazeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, yenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-garnet ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji; uthotho lwe-calcium-aluminium garnet luveliswa ikakhulu kumatye ashushu, i-alkaline, kunye namanye ama-pegmatites; uthotho lwe-magnesium-aluminium garnet luveliswa kakhulu kumatye angcolileyo kunye namatye e-metamorphic yengingqi, ii-gneisses, kunye namatye e-volcanic.
8.I-Biotite
◆Iimpawu zomzimba
I-Biotite ifumaneka kakhulu kumatye atshintshayo kunye namanye amatye afana ne-granite. Umbala we-biotite ususela kumnyama ukuya kumdaka, obomvu, okanye oluhlaza. Ine-vitreous luster, iikristale ezithambileyo, ubunzima obungaphantsi kwesikhonkwane, kulula ukukrazula zibe ziingceba, kwaye inesimo sepleyiti okanye ikholamu.
◆Izicelo
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokwakha ukukhusela umlilo, ukwenza amaphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, iiplastiki, irabha, izinto zokucima umlilo, iintonga zokuwelda, ubucwebe, imibala yeeperile, kunye neminye imishishini yeekhemikhali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-biotite ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingubo zokuhombisa ezifana nepeyinti yelitye lokwenyani.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukudada, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuxobuka, ukukhetha ukungqubana, ukugaya okucolekileyo, ukugaya okucolekileyo kakhulu, ukuguqula umphezulu.
9.I-Muscovite
◆Iimpawu zomzimba
I-Muscovite luhlobo lweminerali ye-mica kwiqela le-mica emhlophe, i-silicate ye-aluminium, i-iron, kunye ne-potassium. I-Muscovite ine-muscovite enemibala emnyama (imibala eyahlukeneyo emdaka okanye eluhlaza, njl.njl.) kunye ne-muscovite enemibala ekhanyayo (imibala eyahlukeneyo etyheli ekhanyayo). I-muscovite enemibala ekhanyayo iyabonakala kwaye ine-vitreous luster; i-muscovite enemibala emnyama icacile kancinci. I-vitreous ukuya kwi-submetallic luster, umphezulu oqhekekileyo kunye ne-pearly luster. Amaphepha amancinci ayanwebeka, ubunzima 2 ~ 3, ubunzima obuthile 2.70 ~ 2.85, abuhambisi.
◆Izicelo
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwezixhobo zokwakha, kushishino lokucima umlilo, kwiiarhente zokucima umlilo, kwiintonga zokuwelda, kwiiplastiki, kwii-insulation zombane, kwiiphepha, kwiiphepha ze-asphalt, kwiirabha, kwiipigment zeeperile, nakwezinye iishishini zeekhemikhali. Umgubo we-mica ocolekileyo kakhulu usetyenziswa njengesizalisi esisebenzayo kwiiplastiki, kwiingubo, kwiipeyinti, kwiirabha, njl.njl., ukuphucula amandla oomatshini, ukuphucula ukuqina, ukunamathela, ukulwa nokwaluphala, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Kwimizi-mveliso, isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthintela ubushushu kunye nokumelana nobushushu, kunye nokumelana kwayo ne-asidi, i-alkalis, iimpawu zokucinezela kunye nokuxobuka, isetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuthintela ubushushu kwizixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane; okwesibini isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iibhoyila zomphunga, iifestile ze-furnace yokunyibilikisa, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukudada, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuxobuka, ukukhetha ukungqubana, ukugaya okucolekileyo, ukugaya okucolekileyo kakhulu, ukuguqula umphezulu.
10.I-Olivine
◆Iimpawu zomzimba
Iluhlaza okomnquma, tyheli-luhlaza okomthubi, ngwevu-luhlaza okomthubi, luhlaza-mnyama. I-vitreous luster, ukwaphuka okufana neqokobhe eliqhelekileyo; ubunzima 6.5~7.0, uxinano 3.27~4.37.
◆Izicelo
Isetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada kwiikhompawundi ze-magnesium kunye nee-phosphates, isetyenziswa ekuveliseni izichumisi ze-calcium-magnesium phosphate; i-olivine etyebileyo kwi-magnesium ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada; i-olivine ecacileyo, erhabaxa ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada zelitye elinqabileyo.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukukhetha kwakhona, ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi.
◆IGenesis kunye nokwenzeka kwayo
Yenziwe kakhulu ngesenzo se-magmatic, esenzeka kumatye e-ultrabasic kunye namatye asisiseko, anxulunyaniswa ne-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-magnetite, iiminerali zeqela le-platinum, njl.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-31-2024