I-silicon kunye neoksijini zezona zinto zisasazwa kakhulu kumhlaba womhlaba.Ngaphandle kokwenza i-SiO2, ziphinda zidibanise ukwenza ezona minerali zininzi ze-silicate ezifumaneka kwi-crust.Zingaphezulu kwama-800 iiminerali ezaziwayo ze-silicate, ezibalelwa malunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iintlobo zeeminerali ezaziwayo.Ngokudibeneyo, benza malunga ne-85% ye-crust yomhlaba kunye ne-lithosphere ngobunzima.Ezi zimbiwa azikho kuphela izakhi eziphambili ze-igneous, sedimentary, kunye ne-metamorphic rocks kodwa zikwasebenza njengemithombo yezinto ezininzi ezingezizo ezentsimbi kunye nezinqabileyo zentsimbi.Imizekelo ibandakanya iquartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, kunye nemuscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Iipropati zoMzimba: I-Feldspar yiminerali esasazwa ngokubanzi emhlabeni.I-feldspar ene-potassium eninzi ibizwa ngokuba yi-potassium feldspar.I-Orthoclase, i-microcline, kunye ne-albite yimizekelo yeeminerali ze-potassium feldspar.I-Feldspar ibonisa ukuzinza kakuhle kweekhemikhali kwaye ixhathisa i-acids, ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ukubola.Ubunzima buvela kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-6.5, ukuxinana ukusuka kwi-2.55 ukuya kwi-2.75, kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ukusuka kwi-1185 ukuya kwi-1490.°C. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka nge-quartz, i-muscovite, i-biotite, i-sillimanite, i-garnet, kunye nexabiso elincinci le-magnetite, i-ilmenite, kunye ne-tantalite.
◆Usebenzisa: Isetyenziswa kwiglasi yokunyibilika, imathiriyeli ekrwada yeceramic, imikhenkce yeceramic, imathiriyeli ekrwada ye-enamel, isichumiso sepotassium, nanjengamatye okuhombisa kunye namatye anqabileyo anqabileyo.
◆Iindlela zokuKhetha: Ukuchola ngesandla, ukwahlula kumagnethi, ukuphaphatheka.
◆IGenesis kunye neZenzeko: Ifunyenwe kwi-gneisses okanye kwi-gneissic metamorphic rocks;eminye imithambo iyenzeka kwi-granite okanye kwimizimba ye-mafic rock okanye iindawo zabo zoqhagamshelwano.Ikakhulu igxininiswe kwi-pegmatitic feldspar massifs okanye eyahlukileyo i-feldspar pegmatites enye.
2. I-Kaolinite
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo: I-kaolinite ecocekileyo imhlophe kodwa ihlala inemibala ebomvu, emthubi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, okanye engwevu ngenxa yobumdaka.Inobunzima be-2.61 ukuya kwi-2.68 kunye nobunzima obuvela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3. I-Kaolinite isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kunye ne-ceramics zoshishino, izinto eziphikisayo, ukwenza iphepha, ukwakhiwa, iingubo, i-rubber, iplastiki, i-textiles, kunye ne-filler okanye njenge-filler. umbala omhlophe.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kunye neekeramics zoshishino, izinto ezichasayo, ukwenza iphepha, ukwakhiwa, iingubo, i-rubber, iplastiki, i-textiles, kunye ne-filler okanye i-pigment emhlophe.
◆Iindlela zokuKhetha: Ukwahlula kwamagnetic okomileyo kunye nomanzi, ukuhlukana komxhuzulane, ukubala, ukuxutywa kweekhemikhali.
◆IGenesis kunye neNtsebenzo: Ikakhulu yenziwe ukusuka kwi-silica-alumina-rich igneous kunye namatye e-metamorphic, aguqulwa yimozulu okanye ubushushu obuphantsi be-hydrothermal replacement.
3. UMika
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo: IMica isoloko imhlophe, inemibala etyheli ngokukhanyayo, eluhlaza okhanyayo, okanye engwevu.Inokukhanya kweglasi, okufana neperile kumphezulu ocandekileyo, kunye namashiti abhityileyo athambileyo kodwa anganwebekanga.Ubunzima buvela kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 kunye nobuninzi be-2.65 ukuya kwi-2.90.I-Mica ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwi-refractory materials, i-ceramics, i-porcelain yombane, i-crucibles, i-fiberglass, i-rubber, i-papermaking, i-pigments, i-pharmaceuticals, i-cosmetics, i-plastiki, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo zokukrola ubugcisa obuhle.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziselwa izinto eziphikisayo, iiseramics, i-porcelain yombane, i-crucibles, i-fiberglass, i-rubber, i-papermaking, i-pigments, i-pharmaceuticals, izinto zokuthambisa, iiplastiki, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo ukukrola ubugcisa obuhle.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukwahlula i-electrostatic, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic.
◆IGenesis kunye nokwenzeka: Ikakhulu iveliswa yi-hydrothermal alteration of intermediate acidic volcanic rocks and tuffs, ikwafumaneka kwi-aluminiyam-rich crystalline schists kunye ne-low-temperature hydrothermal quartz veins.
4. ITalc
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo: I-talc esulungekileyo ayinambala kodwa ihlala ibonakala tyheli, eluhlaza, emdaka, okanye epinki ngenxa yobumdaka.Inokukhanya kweglasi kunye nobunzima be-1 kwisikali se-Mohs.I-Talc isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesizaliso ekwenzeni iphepha kunye namashishini erabha kunye ne-arhente emhlophe kwishishini le-textile.Ikwasetyenziswa kwiiseramics, iipeyinti, iingubo, iiplastiki, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa njengezaliso kumashishini e-papermaking kunye ne-rubber, njenge-agent emhlophe kwishishini le-textile, nakwi-ceramics, iipeyinti, iingubo, iiplastiki kunye nezithambiso.
◆Iindlela zokukhetha: Ukuchola ngesandla, ukwahlula i-electrostatic, ukwahlula kumagnethi, ukuhlenga-hlengisa ngamehlo, ukuphaphatheka, ukukhuhla.
◆IGenesis kunye neNtsebenzo: Ikakhulu yenziwe ngokuguqulwa kwe-hydrothermal kunye ne-metamorphism, ehlala ihambelana ne-magnesite, inyoka, i-dolomite, kunye ne-talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Izinto ezibonakalayo: I-Muscovite luhlobo lweminerali ye-mica, ehlala ibonakala imhlophe, ingwevu, iphuzi, iluhlaza, okanye imdaka.Inobukhazikhazi beglasi obufana neperile kumphezulu ocandekileyo.I-Muscovite isetyenziselwa ii-agent zokucima umlilo, ii-welding rods, iiplastiki, ukugquma kombane, ukwenza iphepha, i-asphalt paper, irabha, i-pearl pigments, iiplastiki, iipeyinti kunye ne-rubber njengezizalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswe njengeejenti zokucima umlilo, i-welding rods, iiplastiki, i-insulation yombane, i-papermaking, i-asphalt paper, i-rubber, i-pearl pigments, iiplastiki, iipeyinti, kunye ne-rubber njengezizalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Iindlela zokuKhetha: I-Flotation, ukhetho lomoya, ukhetho lwezandla, ukuxobula, ukukhethwa kwe-friction, ukugaya okulungileyo, ukugaya i-ultrafine, ukulungiswa kwendawo.
◆IGenesis kunye neNtsebenzo: Ngokuyintloko imveliso yesenzo se-magmatic kunye nesenzo se-pegmatitic, ehlala ifumaneka kwi-granite pegmatites kunye ne-mica schists, ehlala idibene ne-quartz, i-feldspar, kunye neeminerali ezinqabileyo ze-radioactive.
Ukuqhuba inguqulelo:
6. Sodalite
I-Sodalite yinkqubo yekristale ye-triclinic, ehlala icwecwe iikristale zecylindrical ezinemigca ehambelanayo kumphezulu wekristale.Ine-vitreous luster, kwaye i-fracture ibonisa iglasi ukuya kwi-pearly luster.Imibala iqala ekukhanyeni ukuya kutsho koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, emthubi, engwevu, emdaka, engenambala, okanye eqaqambileyo engwevu-mhlophe.Ubunzima buvela kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-7.0, kunye nobunzima obuthile be-3.53 ukuya kwi-3.65.Iiminerali eziphambili ziyi-sodalite kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-silica, kunye neeminerali ze-accessory ezifana ne-quartz, i-black mica, i-mica yegolide, kunye ne-chlorite.
I-Sodalite yimveliso ye-metamorphism yengingqi efumaneka kwi-crystalline schists kunye ne-gneisses.Abavelisi abadumileyo kwihlabathi baquka iSwitzerland, iOstriya, namanye amazwe.Xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-1300°C, i-sodalite iguqula ibe yi-mullite, i-high-grade refractory material esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iiplagi ze-spark, i-oil nozzles, kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-ceramic refractory.I-aluminiyam nayo inokutsalwa.Iikristale ezicacileyo zemibala emihle zinokusetyenziswa njengamatye anqabileyo, kunye neblue blue eyona ikhethwa kakhulu.INorth Carolina eUnited States ivelisa ubunzulu obuluhlaza obuluhlaza kunye nohlaza olunomgangatho we-sodalite.
7.IGarnet
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo brown, yellow, ebomvu, eluhlaza, njl.;ekuhleni ukuya ekukhanyeni;i-vitreous luster, i-fracture kunye ne-resinous luster;akukho kucandeka;ubunzima 5.6 ~ 7.5;Ubuninzi 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Usetyenziso
Ubunzima obuphezulu be-Garnet buyenza ifaneleke kwizinto ezinqabileyo;iikristale ezinkulu ezinombala omhle kunye nokungafihli zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zelitye elinqabileyo.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukuhlelwa kwesandla, ukwahlula ngokwemagnethi.
◆IGenesis kunye nenzeka
I-Garnet ihanjiswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-geological, zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegarnet ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-geological;I-calcium-aluminium garnet series iveliswa ikakhulu kwi-hydrothermal, amatye e-alkaline, kunye nezinye iipegmatites;I-magnesium-aluminiyam i-garnet series iveliswa ikakhulu kumatye e-igneous kunye namatye e-metamorphic yengingqi, i-gneisses, kunye namatye e-volcanic.
8.Biotite
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
I-Biotite ifumaneka ikakhulu kumatye e-metamorphic nakwamanye amatye afana negranite.Umbala we-biotite usuka kumnyama ukuya kumdaka, obomvu, okanye oluhlaza.Inokukhanya kwe-vitreous, iikristale ezilastiki, ukuqina okungaphantsi kwesikhonkwane, kulula ukuyikrazula ibe ngamaqhekeza, kwaye imile njengeplate okanye ikholamu.
◆Usetyenziso
Ikakhulu isetyenziswa kwizinto zokwakha ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukwenza iphepha, i-asphalt yephepha, iiplastiki, irabha, ii-agent zokucima umlilo, ii-welding rods, ubucwebe, iiperile pigments, kunye namanye amashishini ekhemikhali.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-biotite isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiingubo zokuhombisa ezifana nepeyinti yamatye yokwenyani.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
I-Flotation, ukhetho lomoya, ukhetho lwezandla, ukuxobula, ukukhetha ukukhuhlana, ukucolwa, ukucolwa kwe-ultrafine, ukuguqulwa komhlaba.
9.Muscovite
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
I-Muscovite luhlobo lweminerali ye-mica kwiqela le-mica emhlophe, i-silicate ye-aluminium, isinyithi kunye ne-potassium.I-Muscovite ine-muscovite enombala omnyama (imibala eyahlukeneyo emdaka okanye eluhlaza, njl. njl.) kunye ne-muscovite enombala okhanyayo (imibala eyahlukeneyo yombala ophuzi okhanyayo).I-muscovite enombala okhanyayo iyabonakala kwaye ine-vitreous luster;I-muscovite enombala omnyama i-semi-transparent.I-Vitreous ukuya kwi-submetallic luster, i-cleavage surface kunye ne-pearly luster.Amaphepha amancinci a-elastic, ukuqina kwe-2 ~ 3, ubunzima obuthile 2.70 ~ 2.85, obungaqhubekiyo.
◆Usetyenziso
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lezinto zokwakha, imboni yokucima umlilo, i-agent yokucima umlilo, i-welding rods, iiplastiki, ukugquma kombane, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, i-pearl pigments kunye namanye amashishini amachiza.I-Ultrafine mica powder isetyenziswa njenge-filler esebenzayo kwiiplastiki, iingubo, iipeyinti, i-rubber, njl., ukuphucula amandla omatshini, ukuqinisa ukuqina, ukunamathela, ukuchasana nokuguga, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.
Kwimizi-mveliso, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugquma kunye nokumelana nobushushu, kunye nokuxhathisa kwayo kwi-acids, alkalis, compression, kunye neempawu zokuxobula, ezisetyenziswa njengezinto zokugquma izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane;okwesibini esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweebhoyila zomphunga, ukunyibilikisa iifestile zesithando somlilo, kunye neenxalenye zoomatshini.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
I-Flotation, ukhetho lomoya, ukhetho lwezandla, ukuxobula, ukukhetha ukukhuhlana, ukucolwa, ukucolwa kwe-ultrafine, ukuguqulwa komhlaba.
10.Olivine
◆Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Uhlaza lomnquma, umthubi-luhlaza, ukukhanya okungwevu-luhlaza, luhlaza-mnyama.I-Vitreous luster, ukuphuka okuqhelekileyo okweqokobhe;ubunzima 6.5 ~ 7.0, ubuninzi 3.27 ~ 4.37.
◆Usetyenziso
Isetyenziswe njengezinto eziluhlaza kwiikhompawundi ze-magnesium kunye ne-phosphates, ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezichumisi ze-calcium-magnesium phosphate;iolivine ene-magnesium etyebileyo ingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziphikisayo;transparent, coarse-grained olivine ingasetyenziswa njenge gemstone ekrwada.
◆Iindlela zokwahlula
Ukukhetha kwakhona, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic.
◆IGenesis kunye nenzeka
Ikakhulu yenziwe yintshukumo ye-magmatic, eyenzeka kwi-ultrabasic kunye namatye asisiseko, ahambelana ne-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-magnetite, i-platinum group minerals, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-31-2024