Ubume bechromium
I-Chromium, isimboli ye-Cr, inombolo ye-athomu engama-24, ubunzima be-athomu obuyi-51.996, iyingxenye yentsimbi yenguqu yeqela le-VIB yetafile ye-periodic yezinto zekhemikhali.Intsimbi yeChromium yikyubhic yekristale egxile kumzimba, isilivere-emhlophe, ingxinano 7.1g/cm³, indawo yokunyibilika 1860 ℃, indawo yokubila 2680 ℃, umthamo wobushushu obuthile kwi25℃ 23.35J/(mol·K), ubushushu bomphunga 342.1kJ i-mol, i-thermal conductivity 91.3 W / (m·K) (0-100 ° C), i-resistivity (20 ° C) 13.2uΩ·cm, eneempawu ezintle zomatshini.
Kukho iivalence ezintlanu zechromium: +2, +3, +4, +5 kunye +6.Phantsi kweemeko zesenzo endogenous, chromium ngokubanzi +3 valence.Imixube ene +trivalent chromium zezona zizinze.+Iikhompawundi ezintandathu zechromium, kubandakanya neetyuwa zechromium, zineepropathi ezomeleleyo ze-oxidizing.I-radii ye-ionic ye-Cr3 +, i-AI3 + kunye ne-Fe3 + ziyafana, ngoko zinokuba noluhlu olubanzi lokufana.Ukongeza, izinto ezinokuthi zithatyathelwe indawo nge-chromium yi-manganese, i-magnesium, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-zinc, njl., ngoko ke i-chromium isasazwa ngokubanzi kwiiminerali ze-iron silicate kunye ne-accessory minerals.
Isicelo
I-Chromium yenye yezona ntsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini langoku.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwimveliso yensimbi engenasici kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy ngendlela ye-ferroalloys (njenge-ferrochrome).I-Chromium ineempawu zokuqina, ukunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu kunye ne-corrosion-resistant.I-Chrome ore isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-metallurgy, imathiriyeli ephikisayo, imboni yeekhemikhali kunye namashishini e-Foundry.
Kushishino lwesinyithi, i-chromium ore isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa i-ferrochrome kunye ne-metallic chromium.I-Chromium isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sentsimbi ukuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokunxiba, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nentsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezikwaziyo ukumelana ne-oxidation, njengentsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi enganyangekiyo kwiasidi, intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, ibhola ethwele intsimbi, intsimbi spring, isixhobo intsimbi, etc. Chromium inokomeleza iimpawu mechanical kunye nokumelana banxibe intsimbi.I-metal chromium isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iialloys ezikhethekileyo ngecobalt, nickel, tungsten kunye nezinye izinto.I-Chrome plating kunye ne-chromizing inokwenza intsimbi, ubhedu, i-aluminiyam kunye nezinye izinyithi zenze indawo ekwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion, eqaqambileyo kwaye enhle.
Kwi-industry refractory, i-chromium ore yinto ebalulekileyo yokuphikisana esetyenziselwa ukwenza izitena ze-chrome, izitena ze-chrome magnesia, i-refractories ephuculweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo (i-chrome concrete).I-refractories esekwe kwiChromium ikakhulu ibandakanya izitena ezine-chrome ore kunye ne-magnesia, i-sintered magnesia-chrome clinker, izitena ezityhidiweyo ze-magnesia-chrome, ezityhidiweyo, umhlaba ocolekileyo emva koko ubotshwe ngezitena ze-magnesia-chrome.Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiziko ezivulekileyo zomlilo, i-intduction furnaces, njl njl
Kwishishini le-Foundry, i-chromium ore ayiyi kusebenzisana nezinye izinto kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugalela, inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokwandisa i-thermal, iyamelana nokungena kwesinyithi, kwaye inokusebenza okungcono okubandayo kune-zircon.I-Chrome ore ye-Foundry ineemfuno eziqinileyo malunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana.
Kwishishini lemichiza, olona setyenziso luthe ngqo lwechromium kukuvelisa isisombululo sesodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7 · H2O), kwaye emva koko kulungiswe ezinye iikhompawundi zechromium ukuze zisetyenziswe kumashishini anje ngebala, amalaphu, i-electroplating, kunye nokwenziwa kwesikhumba, kunye nezinto ezincedayo. .
Umgubo ocoliweyo wechromium ore yiarhente yombala wendalo kwimveliso yeglasi, iiseramikhi kunye neethayile ezikhazimlisiweyo.Xa i-sodium dichromate isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa isikhumba, iprotheni (i-collagen) kunye ne-carbohydrates kwi-original yesikhumba isabela kwizinto zekhemikhali ukuze zenze i-complex ezinzileyo, eyaba sisiseko seemveliso zesikhumba.Kwishishini le-textile, i-sodium dichromate isetyenziswa njenge-mordant kwi-clothing dyeing, enokuthi ifake ngokufanelekileyo iimolekyuli zedayi kwii-organic compounds;isenokusetyenziswa njenge-oxidant ekwenzeni idayi kunye neziphakathi.
Iminerali yeChromium
Kukho ngaphezu kwe-50 iintlobo zeeminerali ezine-chromium ezifunyenwe kwindalo, kodwa uninzi lwazo zinomxholo ophantsi we-chromium kunye nokusabalalisa okuthe saa, okunexabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.Ezi zimbiwa ezine-chromium ziyi-oxides, i-chromates kunye ne-silicates, ngaphezu kwee-hydroxides ezimbalwa, i-iodates, i-nitrides kunye ne-sulfides.Phakathi kwabo, i-chromium nitride kunye ne-chromium sulfide minerals ifumaneka kuphela kwiimeteorites.
Njengodidi lwezimbiwa kwi-chromium ore subfamily, ichromite yeyona minerali ibalulekileyo kwishishini lechromium.Ifomyula yeekhemikhali zethiyori ngu (MgFe) Cr2O4, apho umxholo we-Cr2O3 ubalelwa kwi-68%, kwaye i-FeO ithatha i-32%.Ekubunjweni kwayo kweekhemikhali, i-cation trivalent yi-Cr3 +, kwaye kaninzi kukho i-Al3 +, i-Fe3 + kunye ne-Mg2 +, i-Fe2 + i-isomorphic substitutions.Kwi-chromite yangempela eveliswayo, inxalenye ye-Fe2 + idla ngokutshintshwa yi-Mg2 +, kwaye i-Cr3 + ithathelwe indawo yi-Al3 + kunye ne-Fe3 + ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo.Iqondo elipheleleyo le-isomorphic substitution phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo echromite ayihambelani.Ii-cations zolungelelwaniso ezine-odolo ikakhulu ziyi-magnesium kunye nentsimbi, kunye ne-isomorphic substitution epheleleyo phakathi kwe-magnesium-iron.Ngokwendlela yezahlulo ezine, ichromite inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelwana amane: magnesium chromite, iron-magnesium chromite, mafic-iron chromite kunye ne-iron-chromite.Ukongeza, i-chromite ihlala iqulethe inani elincinci le-manganese, Umxube we-homogeneous we-titanium, i-vanadium kunye ne-zinc.Ubume bechromite luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-spinel.
4. Umgangatho womgangatho wokugxila kwechromium
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa (i-mineralization kunye nentsimbi yendalo), i-chromium ore ye-metallurgy yahlulwe yazintlobo ezimbini: i-concentrate (G) kunye ne-ore ye-lump (K).Jonga le theyibhile ingezantsi.
Iimfuno zomgangatho we-chromite ore ye-metallurgy
Itekhnoloji yokuzuza i-Chrome ore
1) Unyulo kwakhona
Okwangoku, ukwahlulwa komxhuzulane kukwindawo ebalulekileyo ekuzuzeni i-chromium ore.Indlela yokwahlula umxhuzulane, esebenzisa umaleko okhululekileyo kwindawo enamanzi njengendlela yokuziphatha esisiseko, iseyeyona ndlela iphambili yokutyebisa i-chromium ore kwihlabathi jikelele.Isixhobo sokwahlula umxhuzulane yi-spiriral chute kunye ne-centrifugal concentrator, kunye noluhlu lobungakanani besuntswana lokucubungula lubanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umehluko woxinaniso phakathi kweeminerali ze-chromium kunye neeminerali ze-ganggue zikhulu kune-0.8g / cm3, kwaye ukuhlukana kobunzima bayo nayiphi na isayizi ye-particle enkulu kune-100um inokwanelisa.isiphumo se.Amagaqa arhabaxa (i-100 ~ 0.5mm) intsimbi ekrwada ihlelwa okanye ikhethwe kwangaphambili nge-heavy-medium beneficiation, eyindlela yokuzuza ukonga kakhulu.
2) Ukwahlukana kwamagnetic
Ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi yindlela yokuzuza eqonda ukwahlulwa kwezimbiwa kwindawo yemagnethi engafananga ngokusekwe kumahluko wemagnethi weminerali kwintsimbi ekrwada.I-Chromite ineempawu zemagnethi ezibuthathaka kwaye inokwahlulwa ngesangqangi esithe nkqo semagnethi ephezulu, isahluli semagnethi emanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo.Ii-coefficients ezithile zokuchaphazeleka kumagnethi yeeminerali zechromium eziveliswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-chromium ore emhlabeni azahlukanga kakhulu, kwaye ziyafana ne-wolframite kunye ne-wolframite ethile eveliswe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Kukho iimeko ezimbini ekusebenziseni ukwahlukana kwamagnetic ukufumana i-chromium concentrate yodidi oluphezulu: enye kukususa iiminerali eziqinileyo zemagnethi (ingakumbi imagnethi) kwintsimbi ekrwada phantsi kwendawo enemagnethi ebuthathaka ukunyusa umlinganiselo weferrochrome, kwaye enye kukusebenzisa i-ore. intsimi yemagnethi eyomeleleyo.Ukwahlulwa kwamaminerali e-ganggue kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-chromium ore (iiminerali ezinozibuthe ezibuthathaka).
3) Ukukhetha kombane
Ukwahlula kombane yindlela yokwahlula i-chromium ore kunye ne-silicate gangue minerals ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zombane zamaminerali, ezifana nokwahlukana kwe-conductivity kunye ne-dielectric constant.
4) Ukuphaphatheka
Kwinkqubo yokwahlulwa komxhuzulane, intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo (-100um) yechromite isoloko ilahlwa njengeentsimbi, kodwa ikhromite yolu bungakanani isenexabiso eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa, ngoko ke indlela yokudada ingasetyenziselwa udidi olusezantsi olucolekileyo lweGranular chromite ore. uyachacha.I-Flotation ye-chromium ore kunye ne-20% ~ 40% ye-Cr2O3 kwii-tailings kunye ne-serpentine, i-olivine, i-rutile kunye ne-calcium magnesium carbonate minerals njenge-ganggue minerals.Intsimbi ekrwada igutyungelwe kakuhle ukuya kwi-200μm, iglasi yamanzi, iphosphate, i-metaphosphate, i-fluorosilicate, njl.Ukusasazwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-ganggue sludge kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokudada.Ii-ion zesinyithi ezifana nentsimbi kunye nelothe zinokuvula ichromite.Xa ixabiso le-pH le-slurry lingaphantsi kwe-6, i-chromite ayinakukwazi ukudada.Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ye-flotation kukhulu, ibakala lokugxila alizinzanga, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela liphantsi.I-Ca2 + kunye ne-Mg2 + echithwe kwiiminerali ze-ganggue zinciphisa ukukhethwa kwenkqubo ye-flotation.
5) Uncedo lwekhemikhali
Indlela yekhemikhali kukuphatha ngokuthe ngqo intsimbi ethile yechromite engenakohlulwa yindlela yenyama okanye ixabiso lendlela yomzimba liphezulu kakhulu.Umlinganiselo we-Cr/Fe wokugxila oveliswe yindlela yeekhemikhali uphezulu kunendlela eqhelekileyo yomzimba.Iindlela zemichiza zibandakanya: i-leaching ekhethiweyo, ukunciphisa i-oxidation, ukwahlula ukunyibilika, i-sulfuric acid kunye ne-chromic acid leaching, ukunciphisa kunye ne-sulfuric acid leaching, njl njl. iintsingiselo zokuzuzwa kwechromite namhlanje.Iindlela zemichiza zinokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo i-chromium kwi-ore kwaye ivelise i-chromium carbide kunye ne-chromium oxide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2021