Ubume bechromium
I-Chromium, isimboli ye-Cr, inombolo ye-athomu engama-24, ubunzima be-athomu obuyi-51.996, iyingxenye yentsimbi yenguqu yeqela le-VIB ye-periodic table yezinto zekhemikhali. Intsimbi yeChromium yikyubhic yekristale egxile kumzimba, isilivere-emhlophe, ingxinano 7.1g/cm³, indawo yokunyibilika 1860 ℃, indawo yokubila 2680 ℃, umthamo wobushushu obuthile kwi-25 ℃ 23.35J/(mol·K), ubushushu bomphunga 342.1kJ i-mol, i-thermal conductivity 91.3 W / (m·K) (0-100 ° C), i-resistivity (20 ° C) 13.2uΩ·cm, eneempawu ezintle zomatshini.
Kukho iivalence ezintlanu zechromium: +2, +3, +4, +5 kunye +6. Phantsi kweemeko zesenzo endogenous, chromium ngokubanzi +3 valence. Imixube ene +trivalent chromium zezona zizinze. +Iikhompawundi ezintandathu zechromium, kubandakanya neetyuwa zechromium, zineepropathi ezomeleleyo ze-oxidizing. I-ionic radii ye-Cr3 +, i-AI3 + kunye ne-Fe3 + ziyafana, ngoko ke zinokuba neentlobo ezininzi ezifanayo. Ukongeza, izinto ezinokuthi zithatyathelwe indawo nge-chromium yi-manganese, i-magnesium, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-zinc, njl., Ngoko ke i-chromium isasazwa ngokubanzi kwi-magnesium iron silicate minerals kunye ne-accessory minerals.
Isicelo
I-Chromium yenye yezona ntsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lanamhlanje. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwimveliso yensimbi engenasici kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy ngendlela ye-ferroalloys (njenge-ferrochrome). I-Chromium ineempawu zokuqina, ukunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu kunye ne-corrosion-resistant. I-Chrome ore isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-metallurgy, imathiriyeli ye-refractory, imboni yeekhemikhali kunye namashishini e-Foundry.
Kushishino lwesinyithi, i-chromium ore isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa i-ferrochrome kunye ne-metallic chromium. I-Chromium isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sentsimbi ukuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokunxitywa, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo ekwaziyo ukumelana ne-oxidation, njengentsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi enganyangekiyo kwiasidi, intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, ibhola ethwele intsimbi, intsimbi spring, isixhobo intsimbi, etc. Chromium inokomeleza iimpawu mechanical kunye nokumelana banxibe intsimbi. I-metal chromium isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iialloys ezikhethekileyo ngecobalt, nickel, tungsten kunye nezinye izinto. I-Chrome plating kunye ne-chromizing inokwenza intsimbi, ubhedu, i-aluminiyam kunye nezinye izinyithi zenze indawo ekwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion, eqaqambileyo kwaye enhle.
Kwi-industry refractory, i-chromium ore yinto ebalulekileyo yokuphikisana esetyenziselwa ukwenza izitena ze-chrome, izitena ze-chrome magnesia, i-refractories ephuculweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo (i-chrome concrete). I-refractories esekwe kwi-Chromium ikakhulu ibandakanya izitena ezine-chrome ore kunye ne-magnesia, i-sintered magnesia-chrome clinker, izitena ezityhidiweyo ze-magnesia-chrome, ezityhidiweyo, umhlaba ocolekileyo kwaye emva koko ubotshwe ngezitena ze-magnesia-chrome. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiziko ezivulekileyo zomlilo, i-intduction furnaces, njl njl
Kwishishini le-Foundry, i-chromium ore ayiyi kusebenzisana nezinye izinto kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugalela, inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokwandisa i-thermal, iyamelana nokungena kwesinyithi, kwaye inokusebenza okungcono okubandayo kune-zircon. I-Chrome ore ye-Foundry ineemfuno eziqinileyo malunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle.
Kwishishini lemichiza, ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwechromium kukuvelisa isisombululo se-sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7 · H2O), kwaye emva koko kulungiswe ezinye iikhompawundi ze-chromium ukuze zisetyenziswe kumashishini afana ne-pigments, i-textiles, i-electroplating, kunye nokwenziwa kwesikhumba, kunye ne-catalysts. .
Umgubo ocoliweyo wechromium ore yiarhente yombala wendalo kwimveliso yeglasi, iiseramikhi kunye neethayile ezikhazimlisiweyo. Xa i-sodium dichromate isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa isikhumba, iprotheni (i-collagen) kunye ne-carbohydrates kwi-original yesikhumba isabela kwizinto zekhemikhali ukuze zenze i-complex ezinzileyo, eyaba sisiseko seemveliso zesikhumba. Kwishishini le-textile, i-sodium dichromate isetyenziswe njenge-mordant kwi-clothing dyeing, enokuthi ifake ngokufanelekileyo i-molecule yedayi kwii-organic compounds; isenokusetyenziswa njenge-oxidant ekwenzeni idayi kunye neziphakathi.
Iminerali yeChromium
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zeeminerali ezine-chromium ezifunyenwe kwindalo, kodwa uninzi lwazo zinomxholo ophantsi wechromium kunye nokusabalalisa okuthe saa, okunexabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Ezi zimbiwa ezine-chromium ziyi-oxides, i-chromates kunye ne-silicates, ngaphezu kwee-hydroxides ezimbalwa, i-iodates, i-nitrides kunye ne-sulfides. Phakathi kwabo, i-chromium nitride kunye ne-chromium sulfide minerals ifumaneka kuphela kwiimeteorites.
Njengodidi lweminerali kwi-chromium ore subfamily, ichromite yeyona minerali ibalulekileyo kwishishini lechromium. Ifomyula yeekhemikhali zethiyori yi (MgFe)Cr2O4, apho umxholo we-Cr2O3 ubalelwa kwi-68%, kwaye i-FeO ithatha i-32%. Ekubunjweni kwayo kweekhemikhali, i-cation trivalent yi-Cr3 +, kwaye kaninzi kukho i-Al3 +, i-Fe3 + kunye ne-Mg2 +, i-Fe2 + i-isomorphic substitutions. Kwi-chromite yangempela eveliswayo, inxalenye ye-Fe2 + idla ngokutshintshwa yi-Mg2 +, kwaye i-Cr3 + ithathelwe indawo yi-Al3 + kunye ne-Fe3 + ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo. Iqondo elipheleleyo le-isomorphic substitution phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo echromite ayihambelani. Ii-cations zolungelelwaniso ezine-odolo ikakhulu ziyi-magnesium kunye nentsimbi, kunye ne-isomorphic substitution epheleleyo phakathi kwe-magnesium-iron. Ngokwendlela yezahlulo ezine, ichromite inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelwana amane: magnesium chromite, iron-magnesium chromite, mafic-iron chromite kunye ne-iron-chromite. Ukongeza, i-chromite ihlala iqulethe inani elincinci le-manganese, Umxube odibeneyo we-titanium, i-vanadium kunye ne-zinc. Ubume bechromite luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-spinel.
4. Umgangatho womgangatho wokugxila kwechromium
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa (i-mineralization kunye nentsimbi yendalo), i-chromium ore ye-metallurgy yahlulwe yazintlobo ezimbini: i-concentrate (G) kunye ne-ore ye-lump (K). Jonga le theyibhile ingezantsi.
Iimfuno zomgangatho we-chromite ore ye-metallurgy
Itekhnoloji yokuzuza i-Chrome ore
1) Unyulo kwakhona
Okwangoku, ukwahlulwa komxhuzulane kukwindawo ebalulekileyo ekuzuzeni i-chromium ore. Indlela yokwahlula umxhuzulane, esebenzisa umaleko okhululekileyo kwindawo enamanzi njengendlela yokuziphatha esisiseko, iseyeyona ndlela iphambili yokutyebisa i-chromium ore kwihlabathi jikelele. Isixhobo sokwahlula umxhuzulane yi-spiriral chute kunye ne-centrifugal concentrator, kunye noluhlu lobungakanani besuntswana lokucubungula lubanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umehluko woxinaniso phakathi kweeminerali ze-chromium kunye neeminerali ze-ganggue zikhulu kune-0.8g / cm3, kwaye ukuhlukana kobunzima bayo nayiphi na isayizi ye-particle enkulu kune-100um inokwanelisa. isiphumo se. Amagaqa arhabaxa (100 ~ 0.5mm) intsimbi ekrwada ihlelwa okanye ikhethwe kwangaphambili ngokufumana uncedo oluphakathi, eyindlela eyongayo yokuzuza.
2) Ukwahlukana kwamagnetic
Ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi yindlela yokuzuza eqonda ukwahlulwa kwezimbiwa kwindawo yemagnethi engalinganiyo ngokusekwe kumahluko wemagnethi weminerali kwintsimbi ekrwada. I-Chromite ineempawu zemagnethi ezibuthathaka kwaye inokwahlulwa ngesangqangi esithe nkqo semagnethi ephezulu, izahluli zepleyiti emanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ii-coefficients ezithile zokuchaphazeleka kumagnethi yeeminerali zechromium eziveliswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-chromium ore emhlabeni azahlukanga kakhulu, kwaye ziyafana ne-wolframite kunye ne-wolframite ethile eveliswe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Kukho iimeko ezimbini ekusebenziseni ulwahlulo lwemagnethi ukufumana ugxininiso lwechromium ekudidi oluphezulu: enye kukususa iiminerali eziqinileyo zemagnethi (ingakumbi imagnethi) kwintsimbi ekrwada phantsi kwendawo enemagnethi ebuthathaka ukunyusa umlinganiselo weferrochrome, kwaye enye kukusebenzisa i-ore. intsimi yemagnethi eyomeleleyo. Ukwahlula iiminerali ze-ganggue kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-chromium ore (i-mineral magnetic engenamandla).
3) Ukukhetha kombane
Ukwahlula kombane yindlela yokwahlula i-chromium ore kunye ne-silicate gangue minerals ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zombane zamaminerali, ezifana nokwahlukana kwe-conductivity kunye ne-dielectric constant.
4) Ukuphaphatheka
Kwinkqubo yokwahlulahlula umxhuzulane, intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo (-100um) yechromite ihlala ilahlwa njengeentsimbi, kodwa ikhromite yolu bungakanani isenexabiso eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa, ngoko ke indlela yokudada ingasetyenziselwa udidi olusezantsi olucolekileyo lweGranular chromite ore. uyachacha. I-Flotation ye-chromium ore kunye ne-20% ~ 40% ye-Cr2O3 kwii-tailings kunye ne-serpentine, i-olivine, i-rutile kunye ne-calcium magnesium carbonate minerals njenge-ganggue minerals. I-ore igutyungelwe kakuhle ukuya kwi-200μm, iglasi yamanzi, i-phosphate, i-metaphosphate, i-fluorosilicate, njl. Ukusasazwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-ganggue sludge kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokudada. Ii-ion zesinyithi ezifana nentsimbi kunye nelothe zinokuvula ichromite. Xa ixabiso le-pH le-slurry lingaphantsi kwe-6, i-chromite ayinakukwazi ukudada. Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ye-flotation kukhulu, ibakala lokugxila alizinzile, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela liphantsi. I-Ca2 + kunye ne-Mg2 + echithwe kwiiminerali ze-ganggue zinciphisa ukukhethwa kwenkqubo ye-flotation.
5) Uncedo lwekhemikhali
Indlela yekhemikhali kukuphatha ngokuthe ngqo intsimbi ethile yechromite engenakohlulwa yindlela yenyama okanye ixabiso lendlela yokwenyama liphezulu. Umlinganiselo we-Cr/Fe wokugxila oveliswe yindlela yeekhemikhali uphezulu kunendlela eqhelekileyo yomzimba. Iindlela zemichiza zibandakanya: i-leaching ekhethiweyo, ukunciphisa i-oxidation, ukwahlula ukunyibilika, i-asidi yesulfuric kunye ne-chromic acid leaching, ukunciphisa kunye ne-sulfuric acid leaching, njl njl. iintsingiselo zokuzuzwa kwechromite namhlanje. Iindlela zemichiza zinokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo i-chromium kwi-ore kwaye ivelise i-chromium carbide kunye ne-chromium oxide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2021