Ngethuba le "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu ye-14", ngokutsho kwesicwangciso seqhinga selizwe "i-carbon peak kunye ne-carbon neutral", imboni ye-photovoltaic iya kukhokelela kuphuhliso oluqhumayo.Ukuqhambuka koshishino lwe-photovoltaic "ludale ubutyebi" kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino.Kweli khonkco liqaqambileyo, iglasi ye-photovoltaic likhonkco eliyimfuneko.Namhlanje, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, imfuno yeglasi ye-photovoltaic iyanda imihla ngemihla, kwaye kukho ukungalingani phakathi kokubonelela kunye nemfuno.Ngelo xesha, isanti ephantsi kunye ne-ultra-white quartz isanti, into ebalulekileyo yeglasi ye-photovoltaic, nayo iphakanyisiwe, kwaye ixabiso liye landa kwaye ukunikezelwa kunqongophala.Iingcali zoshishino ziqikelela ukuba isanti ye-quartz ye-iron ephantsi iya kuba nokwanda kwexesha elide ngaphezu kwe-15% iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.Ngaphantsi komoya onamandla we-photovoltaic, ukuveliswa kwesanti ye-quartz ye-iron ephantsi kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu.
1. Isanti ye-quartz yeglasi ye-photovoltaic
Iglasi ye-Photovoltaic isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengephaneli ye-encapsulation yeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, kwaye idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nendalo yangaphandle.Ukumelana nemozulu yayo, amandla, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye nezinye izibonakaliso zidlala indima ephambili ebomini beemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide lokuvelisa amandla.I-ion zentsimbi kwisanti ye-quartz kulula ukuyidaya, kwaye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kwelanga kwiglasi yokuqala, umxholo wentsimbi weglasi ye-photovoltaic ungaphantsi kuneglasi eqhelekileyo, kunye nesanti ye-quartz yentsimbi ephantsi kunye nococeko oluphezulu lwesilicon. kunye nomxholo ophantsi wokungcola kufuneka usetyenziswe.
Okwangoku, kukho isanti yequartz ekumgangatho ophezulu ephantsi ekulula ukuyigrumba kwilizwe lethu, kwaye isasazwe ikakhulu eHeyuan, eGuangxi, eFengyang, eAnhui, eHainan nakwezinye iindawo.Kwixesha elizayo, ngokukhula komthamo wemveliso yeglasi emhlophe ekroliweyo yeeseli zelanga, isanti yequartz ekumgangatho ophezulu enendawo enyiniweyo yemveliso iya kuba sisixhobo esinqabileyo.Ukunikezelwa kwesanti ye-quartz ephezulu kunye nezinzile kuya kuthintela ukukhuphisana kweenkampani zeglasi ze-photovoltaic kwixesha elizayo.Ngoko ke, indlela yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwisanti ye-quartz kunye nokulungiselela isanti ye-quartz ecocekileyo yisihloko sophando olushushu.
2. Ukuveliswa kwesanti ye-quartz ye-iron ephantsi yeglasi ye-photovoltaic
2.1 Ukucocwa kweSanti yeQuartz yeglasi yePhotovoltaic
Okwangoku, iinkqubo zokucoca i-quartz zemveli ezisetyenziswa ngokuqolileyo kwishishini zibandakanya ukuhlenga, ukukhuhla, ukucinywa kwamanzi okubalayo, ukucolwa, ukuhluzwa, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic, ukwahlula umxhuzulane, ukuphaphazela, ukuvuza kweasidi, ukuvuza kwe-microbial, ubushushu obuphezulu be-degassing, njl. Ukucocwa okunzulu Iinkqubo ziquka ukukroziswa kweklorini, ukuhlela umbala owenziwe nge-irradiated, ukuhlelwa kwemagnethi ye-superconducting, ivacuum yobushushu obuphezulu njalo njalo.Inkqubo yoxhamlo jikelele yokucocwa kwesanti yequartz yasekhaya iye yaphuhliswa ukususela ekuqaleni “ukusila, ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi, ukuhlanjwa” ukuya “ekwahlukaneni → ukutyunyuzwa okurhabaxa → ukubala → ukucinywa kwamanzi → ukucola → ukucoca → ukwahlukana kwemagnethi → ukuphaphatheka → iasidi Inkqubo edibeneyo yokuzuza ukuntywiliselwa→ukuhlamba→ukomisa, kudityaniswe ne-microwave, i-ultrasonic kunye nezinye iindlela zokunyangwa kwangaphambili okanye ukucocwa kokuncedisa, kuphucula kakhulu umphumo wokucoca.Ngokubhekiselele kwiimfuno zentsimbi ephantsi yeglasi ye-photovoltaic, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zokususa isanti ye-quartz ziqaliswa ikakhulu.
Ngokubanzi i-iron ikhona kwezi ntlobo zintandathu zilandelayo eziqhelekileyo kwi-quartz ore:
① Zikhona ngokohlobo lwamasuntswana acolekileyo kudongwe okanye i-kaolinised feldspar
②Incanyathiselwe kumphezulu wamasuntswana equartz ngendlela yefilimu ye-iron oxide
③ Iiminerali ze-iron ezifana ne-hematite, i-magnetite, i-specularite, i-qinite, njl.
④Ikwimo yokuntywiliselwa okanye ilensi ngaphakathi kwamasuntswana equartz
⑤ Yibakho kwimeko yesisombululo esiqinileyo ngaphakathi kwekristale yequartz
⑥ Umlinganiselo othile wentsimbi yesibini uya kuxutywa kwinkqubo yokutyumza kunye nokusila
Ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo iiminerali ezine-iron kwi-quartz, kuyimfuneko okokuqala ukufumanisa imeko yokungcola kwentsimbi kwi-quartz ore kwaye ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokuzuza kunye nenkqubo yokwahlula ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola kwentsimbi.
(1) Inkqubo yokwahlukana kwemagnethi
Inkqubo yokwahlukana kwamagnetic inokususa iiminerali ezibuthathaka zokungcola kwamagnetic ezifana ne-hematite, i-limonite kunye ne-biotite kubandakanya amasuntswana adibeneyo ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu.Ngokwamandla kazibuthe, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic kunokohlulwa kube kukwahlulwa kumandla kazibuthe owomeleleyo kunye nokwahlukana okubuthathaka kozibuthe.Ulwahlulo olomeleleyo lwemagnethi ludla ngokuthatha isahluli semagnethi esomeleleyo okanye isahluli semagnethi ethambekileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isanti ye-quartz equlethe ubukhulu becala amaminerali abuthathaka obuzibuthe obufana ne-limonite, i-hematite, i-biotite, njl., inokukhethwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wobuzibuthe omanzi oqinileyo ngexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-8.0×105A/m;Kwiiminerali eziqinileyo zemagneti ezilawulwa yintsimbi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umatshini obuthathaka okanye umatshini ophakathi wokwahlula.[2] Kule mihla, ngokusetyenziswa kwe-high-gradient kunye ne-smart magnetic field separators magnetic, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic kunye nokucoca kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo.Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction roller uhlobo lwesahlukanisi esinamandla somagnetic ukususa intsimbi phantsi kwe-2.2T yamandla kazibuthe kunokunciphisa umxholo we-Fe2O3 ukusuka kwi-0.002% ukuya kwi-0.0002%.
(2) Inkqubo yokudada
I-Flotation yinkqubo yokwahlula amasuntswana amaminerali ngokusebenzisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kumphezulu weeminerali.Umsebenzi oyintloko kukususa i-mineral mica ehambelanayo kunye ne-feldspar kwisanti ye-quartz.Ukwahlulwa kwe-flotation ye-iron-containing minerals kunye ne-quartz, ukufumana uhlobo lwenzeka lokungcola kwentsimbi kunye nefom yokusabalalisa yesayizi ye-particle nganye ngundoqo ekukhetheni inkqubo efanelekileyo yokwahlula ukususwa kwentsimbi.Uninzi lweeminerali ezinentsimbi zinendawo yombane ye-zero ngaphezu kwe-5, ehlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo ene-acidic, kwaye i-theoretically ifanele ukusetyenziswa kwabaqokeleli be-anionic.
I-asidi enamafutha (isepha), i-hydrocarbyl sulfonate okanye i-sulfate ingasetyenziselwa njengomqokeleli we-anionic wokujikeleza kwe-iron oxide ore.I-Pyrite ingaba yi-flotation ye-pyrite ukusuka kwi-quartz kwindawo yokukhetha kunye ne-agent ye-flotation yakudala ye-isobutyl xanthate kunye ne-butylamine powder emnyama (4: 1).Umthamo umalunga ne-200ppmw.
I-flotation ye-ilmenite ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-sodium oleate (0.21mol / L) njenge-agent ye-flotation ukulungisa i-pH kwi-4 ~ 10.Ukusabela kwekhemikhali kwenzeka phakathi kwee-ion ze-oleate kunye namasuntswana entsimbi kumphezulu we-ilmenite ukuvelisa i-iron oleate, efakwe ngokwekhemikhali ii-Oleate ions zigcina i-ilmenite ngokudada kakuhle.Abaqokeleli be-hydrocarbon-based phosphonic acid abaphuhliswe kwiminyaka yamuva banokukhetha okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza kokuqokelela kwi-ilmenite.
(3) Inkqubo yokucoca i-Acid
Injongo ephambili yenkqubo yokukhupha i-asidi kukukhupha iiminerali zesinyithi ezinyibilikayo kwisisombululo se-asidi.Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokuhlanjululwa kwe-acid leaching ziquka ubungakanani beqhekeza lesanti ye-quartz, ubushushu, ixesha, uhlobo lwe-asidi, i-acid concentration, i-slid-liquid ratio, njl., kunye nokwandisa ubushushu kunye nesisombululo se-asidi.Ugxininiso kunye nokunciphisa i-radius ye-quartz particles kunokunyusa izinga le-leaching kunye ne-leaching rate ye-Al.Umphumo wokuhlanjululwa kwe-asidi enye iyancipha, kwaye i-asidi edibeneyo ine-synergistic effect, enokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokususa izinto ezingcolileyo ezifana ne-Fe kunye ne-K. Ii-acids eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziyi-HF, i-H2SO4, i-HCl, i-HNO3, i-H3PO4, i-HClO4 , H2C2O4, ngokubanzi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kuzo zixutywe kwaye zisetyenziswe kumlinganiselo othile.
I-asidi ye-oxalic yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwi-asidi ephilayo kwi-asidi evuzayo.Iyakwazi ukwenza i-complex ezinzile kunye nee-ion zetsimbi ezinyibilikileyo, kwaye ukungcola kuhlanjululwa ngokulula.Ineenzuzo zedosi ephantsi kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokususa intsimbi.Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuncedisa ukucocwa kwe-oxalic acid, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuvuselela okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-tank ultrasound, i-probe ultrasound inezinga eliphezulu lokususa i-Fe, inani le-oxalic acid lingaphantsi kwe-4g / L, kwaye izinga lokususa isinyithi lifikelela. 75.4%.
Ubukho be-asidi ehlanjululweyo kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid inokususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kwetsimbi njenge-Fe, Al, Mg, kodwa isixa se-hydrofluoric acid kufuneka ilawulwe kuba i-hydrofluoric acid inokonakalisa i-quartz particles.Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asidi kuchaphazela umgangatho wenkqubo yokucoca.Phakathi kwabo, i-asidi edibeneyo ye-HCl kunye ne-HF ineyona nto isebenzayo.Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-HCl kunye ne-HF exubeneyo ye-leaching agent ukucoca isanti ye-quartz emva kokwahlulwa kwamagnetic.Ngokusebenzisa i-chemical leaching, inani elipheleleyo lezinto ezingcolileyo yi-40.71μg / g, kwaye ukucoceka kwe-SiO2 kuphezulu njenge-99.993wt%.
(4) I-Microbial leaching
Iintsholongwane zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-iron ebhityileyo yefilimu okanye ukumilisela intsimbi kumphezulu wamasuntswana esanti yequartz, obu bubuchule obusandul' ukwenziwa bokukhupha intsimbi.Izifundo zangaphandle zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Aspergillus niger, i-Penicillium, i-Pseudomonas, i-Polymyxin Bacillus kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms kwi-iron leaching kumphezulu wefilimu ye-quartz iphumelele iziphumo ezilungileyo, apho umphumo we-Aspergillus niger leaching iron ulungile.Izinga lokususa i-Fe2O3 lininzi lingaphezulu kwe-75%, kwaye ibakala lokugxila kwe-Fe2O3 liphantsi njenge-0.007%.Kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umphumo we-iron leaching kunye nokulinywa kwangaphambili kweebhaktheriya ezininzi kunye nokubumba kuya kuba ngcono.
2.2 Enye inkqubela yophando lwesanti yequartz yeglasi ye-photovoltaic
Ukuze kuncitshiswe isixa se-asidi, ukunciphisa ubunzima bokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye ube nobungane bendalo, uPeng Shou [5] et al.ibhengeze indlela yokulungiselela isanti ye-quartz ye-10ppm yentsimbi ephantsi ngenkqubo engakhethiyo: i-quartz ye-vein yendalo isetyenziswa njengento ekrwada, kunye nenqanaba lesithathu lokutyumza, Inqanaba lokuqala lokugaya kunye nokuhlelwa kwesigaba sesibini kunokufumana i-0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit ;i-grit ihlukaniswe yinqanaba lokuqala lokuhlukana kwamagnetic kunye nesigaba sesibini sokususwa kwamagnetic okunamandla kwesinyithi somatshini kunye neeminerali ezithwala isinyithi ukufumana isanti yokwahlukana kwamagnetic;Ukwahlula kwamagnetic kwesanti kufumaneka kwisigaba sesibini sokudada umxholo we-Fe2O3 ungaphantsi kwesanti ye-quartz ye-iron eyi-10ppm, i-flotation isebenzisa i-H2SO4 njengomlawuli, ilungisa i-pH = 2 ~ 3, isebenzisa i-sodium oleate kunye ne-coconut oil-based propylene diamine njengabaqokeleli. .Isanti ye-quartz elungiselelwe i-SiO2≥99.9%, i-Fe2O3≤10ppm, ihlangabezana neemfuno ze-siliceous izinto ezibonakalayo ezifunekayo kwi-glass optical, iglasi yokubonisa i-photoelectric, kunye neglasi ye-quartz.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuchithwa kwezixhobo eziphezulu ze-quartz, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo ezisezantsi kuye kwatsala ingqalelo ebanzi.U-Xie Enjun wase-China izixhobo zokwakha i-Bengbu Glass Industry Design kunye ne-Research Institute Co., Ltd. isebenzise i-kaolin tailings ukulungiselela isanti ye-quartz ephantsi yentsimbi yeglasi ye-photovoltaic.I-mineral composition ephambili ye-Fujian kaolin tailings yi-quartz, equkethe inani elincinci lamaminerali angcolileyo afana ne-kaolinite, i-mica, kunye ne-feldspar.Emva kokuba i-kaolin tailings iqhutywe yinkqubo ye-beneficiation "yokugaya-hydraulic classification-magnetic separation-flotation", umxholo we-0.6 ~ 0.125mm ubungakanani be-particle bukhulu kune-95%, i-SiO2 yi-99.62%, i-Al2O3 yi-0.065%, i-Fe2O3 I-92 × 10-6 isanti ye-quartz efanelekileyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wesanti ye-quartz ephantsi yentsimbi yeglasi ye-photovoltaic.
UShao Weihua kunye nabanye abavela kwiZhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, bapapashe i-patent yokuqamba: indlela yokulungiselela isanti yequartz ecocekileyo evela kwi-kaolin tailings.Amanyathelo endlela: a.I-Kaolin tailings isetyenziswa njengentsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, ehluzwayo emva kokuba ixutywe kwaye ikhuhlwe ukufumana imathiriyeli engu-+0.6mm;b.+ 0.6mm imathiriyeli iphantsi kwaye ihlelwe, kwaye i-0.4mm0.1mm imathiriyeli yezimbiwa iphantsi komsebenzi wokwahlulahlula kazibuthe, Ukufumana imathiriyeli yamagnetic kunye ne-non-magnetic, izinto ezingezizo ezemagnetic zingena kwintsebenzo yokwahlula umxhuzulane ukuze kufumaneke ulwahlulo lweeminerali zokukhanya komxhuzulane kunye. ulwahlulo lomxhuzulane amaminerali anzima, kunye nokwahlulwa kokukhanya kweeminerali zokwahlukana komxhuzulane zingena kwi-regrind operation kwiscreen ukufumana +0.1mm minerals;c+0.1mm Iminerali ingena kumsebenzi wokudada ukuze ifumane i-flotation concentrate.Amanzi aphezulu oxinaniso lweflotation ayasuswa aze emva koko acocwe nge-ultrasonically, aze ahluzwe ukuze afumane izinto ezirhabaxa eziyi-+0.1mm njengesanti yequartz ecocekileyo.Indlela yokuyila ayinakufumana kuphela iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-quartz, kodwa inexesha elifutshane lokucutshungulwa, ukuhamba kwenkqubo elula, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-quartz concentrate efunyenweyo, enokufikelela kwiimfuno zomgangatho wobunyulu obuphezulu. iquartz.
I-Kaolin tailings iqulethe isixa esikhulu semithombo ye-quartz.Ngokusebenzisa i-beneficiation, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokusebenza okunzulu, kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwe-photovoltaic ultra-white glass glass ekrwada.Oku kukwabonelela ngombono omtsha wosetyenziso olubanzi lwemithombo ye-kaolin ye-tailings.
3. Isishwankathelo semarike yesanti ye-quartz ye-iron ephantsi yeglasi ye-photovoltaic
Kwelinye icala, kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020, umthamo wemveliso onyanzelweyo wokwandisa awukwazi ukumelana nemfuno eqhumayo phantsi kwempumelelo ephezulu.Ukunikezelwa kunye nemfuno yeglasi ye-photovoltaic ayilingani, kwaye ixabiso likhuphuka.Ngaphantsi komnxeba odibeneyo weenkampani ezininzi zeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ngoDisemba 2020, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi likhuphe uxwebhu olucacisa ukuba iprojekthi yeglasi edibeneyo ye-photovoltaic ayinakuqulunqa isicwangciso sokutshintsha umthamo.Ukuchaphazeleka ngumgaqo-nkqubo omtsha, izinga lokukhula kwemveliso yeglasi ye-photovoltaic liya kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-2021. Ngokutsho kolwazi loluntu, amandla eglasi ye-photovoltaic eqengqelekayo kunye nesicwangciso esicacileyo sokuvelisa kwi-21 / 22 iya kufikelela kwi-22250 / 26590t / d, kunye ne izinga lokukhula ngonyaka ngama-68.4/48.6%.Kwimeko yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye neziqinisekiso zecala lemfuno, isanti ye-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuba ingenise ukukhula okuqhumayo.
I-2015-2022 umthamo wemveliso yeglasi ye-photovoltaic
Kwelinye icala, ukonyuka okukhulu kumthamo wemveliso yeglasi ye-photovoltaic kunokubangela unikezelo lwesanti ye-silica ephantsi yentsimbi ukuba igqithise unikezelo, nto leyo ethintela ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeglasi ye-photovoltaic.Ngokwezibalo, ukusukela ngo-2014, imveliso yesanti ye-quartz yelizwe lam isezantsi kancinci kunemfuno yasekhaya, kwaye unikezelo kunye nemfuno zigcine ibhalansi eqinile.
Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zelizwe lam zasekhaya ze-quartz ezisezantsi zinqabile, zigxile eHeyuan yaseGuangdong, eBeihai yaseGuangxi, eFengyang yaseAnhui naseDonghai yaseJiangsu, kwaye isixa esikhulu sazo kufuneka singeniswe kumazwe angaphandle.
Isanti ye-quartz ye-iron ephantsi ye-ultra-mhlophe yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekrwada (ibalelwa malunga ne-25% yeendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada) kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ixabiso nalo liyenyuka.Ngaphambili, ibikwi-200 yuan/toni ixesha elide.Emva kokuqhambuka kwesifo se-Q1 kwiminyaka eyi-20, iye yawa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye ngoku igcina ukusebenza okuzinzile okwangoku.
Ngo-2020, imfuno yelizwe lam iyonke yesanti yequartz iya kuba yi-90.93 yezigidi zeetoni, imveliso iya kuba yi-87.65 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye i-net yokungenisa iya kuba yi-3.278 yezigidi zeetoni.Ngokolwazi loluntu, inani lelitye le-quartz kwi-100kg yeglasi etyhidiweyo malunga ne-72.2kg.Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso sokwandiswa kwangoku, ukwanda kwamandla eglasi ye-photovoltaic ngo-2021/2022 kunokufikelela kwi-3.23/24500t / d, ngokwemveliso yonyaka Kubalwa kwixesha leentsuku ezingama-360, imveliso iyonke iya kuhambelana nemfuno esanda kukhula ephantsi. -i-iron silica sand ye-836/635 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, oko kukuthi, imfuno entsha ye-low-iron silica sand eziswa yiglasi ye-photovoltaic ngo-2021/2022 iya kuphendula isanti ye-quartz yonke ngo-2020 9.2% / 7.0% yemfuno .Ukuqwalasela ukuba isanti ye-silica ephantsi ye-iron ichaza kuphela inxalenye yemfuno yesanti ye-silica iyonke, ukubonelela kunye noxinzelelo lwemfuno kwisanti ye-silica ye-iron ephantsi ebangelwa utyalo-mali olukhulu lwe-photovoltaic yeglasi yokuvelisa amandla kunokuba phezulu kakhulu kunoxinzelelo. ushishino lwesanti yequartz iyonke.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-11-2021