[I-Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Ukutyhila iimfihlo zeKaolin: utshintsho oluhle ukusuka kumhlaba ukuya kwizinto zobugcisa obuphezulu

[I-Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Ukutyhila iimfihlo zeKaolin: utshintsho oluhle ukusuka kumhlaba ukuya kwizinto zobugcisa obuphezulu

I-Kaolin yiminerali engeyoyesinyithi, uhlobo lodongwe nodongwe oluqulunqwe ikakhuluIiminerali zodongwe lweKaolinite. Ngenxa yokuba imhlophe kwaye ithambile, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba weDolomitic. Ibizwa ngegama leGaoling Village, eJingdezhen, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi. IKaolin yayo ecocekileyo imhlophe, ithambile, ithambile kwaye inomhlaba, kwaye ineempawu ezintle zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezifana ne-plasticity kunye nokumelana nomlilo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweeminerali lwenziwe ikakhulu yiKaolinite, iHalloysite, iHydromica, iIllite, iMontmorillonite, iQuartz, iFeldspar kunye nezinye iiminerali.

I-Kaolin yiminerali yodongwe eqhelekileyo nebaluleke kakhulu kwindalo. Yenziwa kukuguguleka kwe-feldspar okanye ezinye iiminerali ze-silicate kumatye angcolileyo natshintshayo kwiindawo ezine-asidi ezingenazo ii-alkali metals kunye nee-alkaline earth metals.

Udidi lwe-01

Ukuhlelwa komhlaba

Iiminerali ezikwiKaolin kwindalo zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziiminerali zodongwe kunye neeminerali ezingezizo ezodongwe. Phakathi kwazo, iiminerali zodongwe ziquka ikakhulu iiminerali zeKaolinite kunye nenani elincinci leMontmorillonite, iMica kunye neChlorite; iiminerali ezingezizo ezodongwe ziquka ikakhulu iFeldspar, iQuartz kunye neeminerali ezimanzi, kunye nezinye iiminerali zentsimbi ezifana neHematite kunye neRhosite, iIron ore, iLimonite, njl., iiminerali zeTitanium ezifana neRutile, njl. kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana neFibre yezityalo, njl. Ziiminerali zodongwe ezimisela iipropati zeKaolin.

Ulwahlulo lwezizathu

Ngokusekelwe kwimvelaphi yeediphozithi zeKaolin kwaye ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwi-Mineralization geology, iimeko zejografi, isikali sediphozithi, imo yomzimba we-ore kunye neempawu ze-ore occurrence, izinto ze-ore ezibonakalayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeMineralization, "iKaolin Mine Geological Exploration Code" iya kuthi iidiphozithi zeKaolin zaseTshayina zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu kunye neendidi ezintandathu.

Uhlobo lwemozulu:Yahlulwe ngakumbi yaba yi-weathering residual subtype kunye ne-weathering leaching subtype.

Uhlobo lotshintsho lwe-hydrothermal:Yahlulwe ngakumbi yaba yi-hydrothermal alteration subtype kunye ne-modern hot spring alteration subtype.

Uhlobo lwe-sedimentary:Yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ze-sedimentary kunye ne-sedimentary-weathering kunye ne-Kaolinite claystone subtype kwiindidi ezithwala amalahle.

Uhlobo lweShishini

Ngokusekelwe kwimvelaphi yeediphozithi zeKaolin, i-"Kaolin Mine Geological Exploration Specifications" yahlula iidiphozithi zeKaolin zaseTshayina zibe ziintlobo ezintathu kunye neendidi ezintandathu ngokweeyantlukwano kwi-Mineralization geology, iimeko zejografi, isikali sediphozithi, imo yomzimba we-ore kunye neempawu zokuvela, kunye nezinto ze-ore ezibonakalayo ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeMineralization. Ngokwendlela ezimile ngayo, i-plasticity, kunye nenxalenye yesanti, zahlulwe zaba ziintlobo ezintathu:

KunzimaI-Kaolin: Iqinile kwaye ayiyoplastiki, iba yiplastiki emva kokuba ityunyuziwe kwaye igutyungelwe.

IthambileI-Kaolin:ithambile, iplastiki kakhulu, iqhekeza lesanti elingaphantsi kwama-50%.

SandyI-Kaolin:ubume obuthambileyo, i-plasticity ebuthathaka, iqhekeza lesanti elingaphezulu kwama-50%.

02 Imvelaphi

Imithombo yezimbiwa yaseKaolin eTshayina iphakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo kwihlabathi, ineediphozithi zezimbiwa ezingama-267 eziqinisekisiweyo kunye neereserve eziqinisekisiweyo ze-2.91 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni. Phakathi kwazo: Imithombo yeKaolin engakhiwanga ngamalahle yelizwe lam ikwindawo yesihlanu kwihlabathi. Iireserve eziqinisekisiweyo ziitoni eziyi-1.468 zeebhiliyoni, ikakhulu zigxile kwiphondo laseGuangdong, eShaanxi, eFujian, eJiangxi, eHunan naseJiangsu, ezibalelwa kwi-84.55% yeereserve zizonke zelizwe; Iireserve zaseTshayina ezithwala amalahle zeKaolin (Kaolinite) zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi, kunye neereserve eziqinisekisiweyo ze-1.442 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni, ikakhulu zisasazwa eDatong, eHuairen, eShuozhou, eShanxi, eJungar, eWuda, eInner Mongolia, eHuaibei, eAnhui, eHancheng, eShaanxi, njl.njl., phakathi kwazo iJungar coalfield eInner Mongolia inezona resources zininzi.

Kukho iidiphozithi ezintlanu ezinkulu zeKaolin eTshayina:

(1) Idolophu yaseJiepai, kwiSithili saseHengyang, kwiPhondo laseHunan ityebile kwimithombo yezimbiwa. Iindawo ezigciniweyo zeKaolin, Nepheline, Feldspar kunye neQuartz zifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-200 ezigidi, kwaye kukho iinkampani ezimalunga nama-40 zemigodi kunye nokucubungula izimbiwa. Indawo yemigodi yaseDapailing (ngokuyintloko imigodi yeKaolin) inomgodi omnye ogciniweyo weetoni ezingama-80 ezigidi, ohamba phambili eAsia. Imveliso yemigodi yonyaka yedolophu ingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-500,000, ibonelela ngamakhulu eefektri zeseramikhi kulo lonke ilizwe.

(2) I-Kaolin kwindawo yaseMaoming. Iminerali yeKaolin ekwiMaoming Basin yidiphozithi ye-eluvial sub-type echithwe lilitye elimdaka. Umxholo wayo we-quartz kunye neminye intlabathi ungaphezulu kwe-50%, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yiminerali yeKaolin enesanti. Ngokwemvelaphi, iMaoming Kaolin idlule kwizigaba ezintathu zentsalela yemozulu - ukuthuthwa kunye nokuzigaya ngokwayo - uze emva koko iguquguquke ngokupheleleyo. IKaolin iguquguquke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ii-wafers ikakhulu zi-monolithic ezinobukhulu obuncinci bee-particle. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokwenza iphepha.

(3) I-Longyan Kaolin yindawo eseleyo yeKaolin egugileyo. Ekubeni umxholo wesinyithi ungaphantsi kwe-0.3%, i-titanium ingaphantsi kwe-0.02%, kwaye iqulethe isixa esithile se-solvent element enobushushu obuphantsi (i-Li2O), sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwe-porcelain yombane, ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla okuphezulu, kunye ne-porcelain yobugcisa.

(4) Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin, le deposit yi-hydrothermal alteration Kaolin.Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali zodaka lwaseSuzhou Yangshan olunesitayile esicocekileyo lusondele kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwethiyori lweKaolinite. Umxholo we-Al2O3 unokuba malunga ne-39.0%, ngombala omhlophe kunye namasuntswana amancinci. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkampani ezithwala iikhataythali kunye nezinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali.

(5) Hepu Kaolin. Yintsalela yeKaolin eseleyo egugileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokwakha iiseramikhi.

(6) Uthotho lwamalahle aseMantla iKaolin. YiKaolinite emdaka, esasazeke kakhulu kwiindawo ezivelisa amalahle zelizwe lam, kwaye ingasetyenziswa ekwakheni, ekugqumeni, ekupeyinteni nasekufakeni iphepha - umhlaba osekelwe kumalahle.

Ezi ndawo zintandathu ziphambili zemveliso zingaphezulu kwe-80% yemveliso yaseTshayina, kwaye zikwangabameli abakhulu ngokweentlobo zezixhobo.

03Use

I-Kaolin inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwayo, ngenxa yokuba iplastiki yayo, ukunamathela, amandla athile okomileyo, iimpawu zokusila kunye nobumhlophe obuvela emva komlilo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza i-ceramic; imhlophe, ithambile, iyasasazeka kakhulu, iyafunxwa. Iimpawu zayo ezintle zenkqubo ezifana neepropati zeekhemikhali kunye nokungacwangciswanga kweekhemikhali zenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kushishino lwephepha. Ukongeza, i-Kaolin ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo emizi-mveliso afana nerabha, iplastiki, izinto zokusila, kunye nokucocwa kwepetroleum, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kwezolimo kunye nokhuselo lwesizwe. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwe-ceramic, izinto zokusila, izinto zokusila, ukwenza iphepha, ipeyinti, irabha, i-porcelain yodidi oluphezulu, iingcingo kunye neentambo, iiplastiki zoshishino, izinto zokuzalisa imboni yeekhemikhali, ii-inki, ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, amayeza, njl.njl., ithatha indawo ye-lithopone kunye nenxalenye ye-titanium kwiipeyinti kunye nezinto zokusila. Umgubo omhlophe kunye nezinye izinto ezibizayo.

04 Itekhnoloji yokucubungula

Ukuze kwahlulwe iiminerali ezingezizo ezodongwe kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica, iiminerali zentsimbi, iiminerali ze-titanium, njl. kwi-Kaolin kwaye kuvelise iimveliso ze-Kaolin ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso, ukongeza ekusebenziseni ukwahlulwahlulwa kwamandla omhlaba, ukutyibilika, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi, njl. ukucoca nokususa ukungcola kwi-Kaolin, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela zokucubungula ezinzulu ezifana nokumhlopheza ngamakhemikhali, ukuqhekeka kwe-ultrafine, i-calcination, kunye nokuguqulwa komphezulu ukunyanga i-Kaolin.

(1) Udidi lweHydraulic

Ukuhlelwa kwe-hydraulic kubandakanya ukuhlelwa kwe-spiral (ukwahlulwa kwe-+1mm yesanti erhabaxa), ukuhlelwa kwetanki ye-sedimentation (ukwahlulwa kwe-+0.053mm yesanti ecolekileyo), ukuhlelwa kwe-hydrocyclone (ukwahlulwa kwe--0.053mm yesanti ecolekileyo), ukuhlelwa kwe-centrifugal okanye ukuhlelwa kwe-hydrocyclone encinci ngobukhulu (kokuhlelwa kwe-ultrafine particles ye-0.002-0.010mm).

(2) Ukwahlulwa kwemagnethi yegradient ephezulu

Amandla e-magnetic field angaphezu kwe-1 600 kA/m aveliswa ngokusebenzisa i-magnetic concentrator media ukususa i-Fe2O3 kunye ne-TiO2 kwi-Kaolin kwaye kuveliswe ii-paper coating kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ze-ceramic ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

(3) Ukucoca ngokukhetha

Ngokongeza ii-flocculants, ukungcola okufana ne-quartz ecolekileyo, i-pyrite, i-alunite, njl. ...

(4) Ukumhlopheza ngamakhemikhali

Izinto zokufunxa ezifana nomgubo womshuwalense zongezwa ukunciphisa i-high-valent iron kwi-limonite kunye ne-hematite kwi-Kaolin kwi-soluble ferrous iron, okanye ii-oxidants zongezwa ukuze zifunxe i-pyrite kwaye zidaye ukungcola ukuphucula ubumhlophe be-Kaolin.

(5) Ukuxobula

Kumatshini wokuqhekeza, iibhola eziphakathi ezicolekileyo ezixutyiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isiphumo sokusila, ukuze amasuntswana eKaolin aggregate ahlulwe abe ziikristale ezibhityileyo, avelise iKaolin egqunywe yiblade enobukhulu besuntswana obungaphantsi kwe-2μm kunye nomxholo ongaphezulu kwe-90%.

(6) Ukugaya ukutya

Xa i-calcined kwi-800-1000℃, i-Kaolin ilahlekelwa ngamanzi, utshintsho lwesigaba luyenzeka, kwaye ukungcola okuthile kuyaphela, nto leyo ephucula ubumhlophe kunye nobushushu be-Kaolin kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintambo kunye ne-fillers zerabha kunye neplastiki. I-Calcination yindlela efunekayo yokucubungula i-Kaolin esekwe kumalahle (eqinileyo).

(7) Ukuguqulwa komphezulu

Udongwe lweKaolin lugqunywe ngesixhobo sokudibanisa, njl.njl., ukuze kwandiswe ubungakanani bodongwe lweKaolin olongezwe kwirabha yeplastiki, kwaye lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izizalisi zodongwe lweKaolin kwiiplastiki zerabha.

Phakathi kwazo, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi yindlela yokwahlulwahlulwa kweminerali ebonakalayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokucubungula izimbiwa. Umgaqo wayo osisiseko kukusebenzisa umahluko wemagnethi weeminerali ngokwazo ukuze kufunyanwe ukwahlulwahlulwa. Ngokweempawu zemagnethi zeeminerali, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube kukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi okunamandla, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi okubuthathaka, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi okungasemva kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa kwemagnethi okuphakamileyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Izixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa ziquka ikakhulu abahluli bemagnethi bepleyiti, abahluli bemagnethi abaphezulu beringi ethe nkqo, abahluli bemagnethi abaphezulu be-gradient ye-electromagnetic slurry, abahluli bemagnethi abaphezulu be-superconducting kubushushu obuphantsi, njl.

05 Amatyala okusetyenziswa kwezicelo zokucubungula izimbiwa

Inkqubo 1: Ukuthatha udongwe lweKaolin oluvela kwamanye amazwe njengomzekelo, ukungcola okuphambili kule sampuli kuquka i-iron oxide, i-titanium oxide, kunye ne-iron silicate. Kwi-ore eluhlaza, umxholo wokungcola weFe2O3 kunye neTiO2 yi-0.89% kunye ne-0.17% ngokulandelanayo, ngelixa ubumhlophe bufikelela kwi-67.29%.

Ukuze sisuse ngempumelelo ezi zinto zingcolileyo, sigqibe isicwangciso sovavanyo esilandelayo: Okokuqala, dlulisa i-ore eluhlaza nge-electromagnetic slurry magnetic separator kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokwahlula i-magnetic, ukwahlula okurhabaxa kunye nokukhetha okucolekileyo, ukuze kususwe okokuqala uninzi lwezinto ezingcolileyo. Emva koko, i-concentrate efunyenweyo ihlanjululwa ngakumbi nge-superconducting magnetic separator ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi umxholo wokungcola kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weKaolin.

Itshathi yokuhamba kovavanyo

Kuyabonakala kwiziphumo zovavanyo ukuba i-ore eluhlaza inokwahlulwa yi-electromagnetic slurry + i-electromagnetic slurry + i-superconducting magnetic separation ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso ye-Kaolin concentrate ene-Fe2O3 0.35% kunye nobumhlophe obuyi-87.52%.

Inkqubo yesi-2:I-ore eluhlaza idlula kwi-superconducting 5T magnetic separation. Inkqubo yovavanyo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2.

UMZOBO 2 Ukuhamba kovavanyo lokuzuza

I-ore eluhlaza yafakwa kwi-superconducting magnetic separation ye-5T ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso ye-Kaolin concentrate ene-Fe2O3 0.40%, Al2O3 22.92%, SiO2 68.78%, TiO2 0.10%, CaO 1.90%, whiteness 86.97%, kunye ne-venue ye-90.90%.

Njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso ezininzi, iKaolin inamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili isayensi netekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini, iKaolin iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwixesha elizayo, sijonge phambili ekwandiseni umda wokusetyenziswa kweKaolin ngophando olunzulu kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, sifezekise ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo nokuzinzileyo, kwaye senze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loluntu. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka siqwalasele iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezinokuvela ngexesha lokumbiwa nokucutshungulwa kweKaolin, kwaye sithathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso olunengqiqo lwezixhobo zeKaolin luhambelana nokukhuselwa kwendalo yendalo.